Hook’s law
Sunday, February 24, 2019
Wind Guest Factor - Analytical Procedure
Wind Guest Factor - Analytical Procedure
Gust Effect Factor
Gust effect factor, G, for buildings and other structures depends on whether
a building is flexible or not. In Section 26.2 a flexible building is defined as
one with fundamental natural frequency less than 1 Hz (period greater than
1 s). A building can be considered rigid if the fundamental natural frequency
is greater than 1 Hz (period less than 1 s).
Fundamental natural frequency depends on the structural system of
the building as well as on construction materials. Approximate determination of frequency is given in Section 26.9.3. More discussion for approximate natural frequency is given in commentary Section C26.9 (Eqs. C26.9-6
through C26.9-15). These approximations vary by a factor of 2 or more.
Design practices have software that can calculate fundamental frequency
more accurately.
For illustration purposes, this example assumes that the natural fundamental frequency is greater than 1 Hz; hence the building is considered a
rigid building.
Section 26.9.1 of the Standard permits use of 0.85 for gust effect factor,
G, or calculate in accordance with equations in Section 26.9.4. In this example, G is calculated using equations.
Forex Trading - Basic Fundamentals
Forex Trading
Basic Fundamentals
The investment markets can quickly take the money of investors who believe that trading is easy. Trading in any investment market is exceedingly difficult, but success first comes with education and practice.
So, what is currency trading and is it right for you?
The currency market, or forex (FX), is the largest investment market in the world and continues to grow annually. On April 2010, the Forex reached $4 Trillion daily average turnover, an increase of 20 percent since 2007. In comparison, there is only $25 billion of daily volume on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The market may be large, but until recently the volume came from professional traders, but as currency trading platforms have improved more retail traders have found Forex to be suitable for their investment goals.
It seems like something that most people would find easy, except, in this particular industry, there is a high rate of failure among new traders because there is quite a steep learning curve.
Even traders that are aware of that tend to start out with the attitude of "It happened to them, but it won't happen to me." In the end, 96 percent of these traders walk away empty-handed, not quite sure what happened to them, or maybe even feeling a bit scammed.
Forex Trading is not a scam; it's just an industry that is primarily set up for insiders that understand it. The goal for new traders should be to survive long enough to understand the inner working of foreign exchange trading and become one of those insiders, and this will come with studying the market, understanding the terminology, and learning trading strategies.
How Does It Work?
Foreign Exchange Trading was once something that people only did when they needed foreign currency to use when traveling in other countries.
This involved exchanging some of their home country's currency for another at a bank or foreign exchange broker, and they would receive their foreign currency at the current exchange rate offered by the bank or broker.
These days, when you hear someone refer to foreign exchange trading or Forex, they are usually referring to a type of investment trading that has now become common. Many people wonder how foreign currency trading, often shortened to Forex trading, works because they're interested in learning how to trade currencies for themselves.
Just like with trading stocks, Forex traders can speculate on the fluctuating values of currencies between two countries, and it's done for entertainment and profit.
Currency trading is a 24-hour market that is only closed from Friday evening to Sunday evening, but the 24-hour trading sessions are misleading. There are three sessions that include the European, Asian and United States trading sessions. Although there is some overlap in the sessions, the main currencies in each market are traded mostly during those market hours. This means that certain currency pairs will have more volume during certain sessions. Traders who stay with pairs based on the dollar will find the most volume in the U.S. trading session.
Currency is traded in various sized lots. The micro-lot is 1,000 units of a currency. If your account is funded in U.S. dollars, a micro lot represents $1,000 of your base currency, the dollar. A mini lot is 10,000 units of your base currency and a standard lot is 100,000 units.
Forex and Leverage
The number one thing that hangs most traders out to dry is the ability to use a trading feature called forex trading leverage. Using leverage allows traders to trade in the market using more money than what they have in their account.
For example, if you were trading 2:1, you could have a $1,000 deposit in your brokerage account, and yet control and trade $2,000 of currency on the market. Many forex brokers offer as much as 50:1 leverage. This can be dangerous, as new traders tend to jump in and start trading with that 50:1 leverage immediately without being prepared for the consequences.
Trading with leverage sounds like a really good time, and it's true that it can increase how easily you can make money, but the thing that is less talked about is it also increases your risk for losses.
If a trader with $1,000 in their account is trading with 50:1, this means they would be trading $50,000 on the market, with each pip being worth around $5. If the average daily move of a currency pair's price is 70 to 100 pips, in a day your average loss could be around $350. If you made a really bad trade, you could lose your entire account in three days, and of course, that is assuming that conditions are normal.
Most new traders, being optimistic, might say "but I could also double my account in just a matter of days." While that is indeed true, watching your account fluctuate that seriously is very difficult to do. Many people start out assuming that they can handle it, but when it comes down to it, they don't, Forex trading mistakes are made, and accounts are emptied.
Part-1
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